Shang

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   1. <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">Shang</skos:prefLabel>

   2. <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="nl">Shang</skos:prefLabel>

   3. <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="es">Shang</skos:prefLabel>

   4. <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="zh">商</skos:prefLabel>

   5. <skos:altLabel xml:lang="zh">shāng</skos:altLabel>

   6. <skos:altLabel xml:lang="zh">shang</skos:altLabel>

   7. <skos:altLabel xml:lang="en">Shang-Yin</skos:altLabel>

   8. <skos:altLabel xml:lang="en">Yin</skos:altLabel>

   9. <skos:broader rdf:resource="http://museovirtualfelixcanada.digibis.com//concepts/72430" />

   10. <skos:note xml:lang="en">Refers to the first Chinese dynasty of which we have certain knowledge, both archaeological and historical. The Shang ruled from ca. 1600 BCE to ca. 1050 BCE and their culture was centered on the Yellow River plain although their power extended at times over modern northern Henan province and parts of modern Shandong, Shanxi, and Shaanxi provinces. This period is notable for its advances in bronzeworking and other technologies, all of which led to a higher level of civilization. The Shang had large armies with a wide variety of weapons and armor. Bronze was also used for ritual objects such as bells and stands. Decoration on Shang bronzes was highly schematic with the 'taotie' animal mask a preferred motif. Shang religion and ancestor worship featured the use of so-called oracle bones (jiagu), inscribed animal bones and tortoise shells. Nearly 100,000 oracle bones have been uncovered since scholars recognized their significance. Oracle bones are the oldest form of Chinese historiography, establishing a list of kings in agreement with later written histories. The Shang writing system was quite sophisticated; some Shang characters are still in use today. Shang pottery came in a variety of colors and was wheelmade or coiled, often featuring impressed patterns. The earliest known Chinese glazes were made in the Shang period. Marble and limestone sculptures of both real and mythical creatures have been found. Shang urban settlements have shown that the basic forms of Chinese architecture already existed; noteworthy settlements include those at Erlitou, Zhengzhou, and Yin (at modern Anyang), all of which served as the capital at different times. The late Shang rulers were hedonistic builders of luxurious palaces. The Zhou, a more warlike people who effectively used the chariot, succeeded the Shang.</skos:note>

   11. <skos:note xml:lang="es">Se refiere a la primera dinastía china de la cual tenemos cierto conocimiento, arqueológico e histórico. El Shang gobernó de ca. 1600 a.C. ca 1050 a.C y su cultura fue centrada en el llano amarillo del río aunque se extendió ocasionalmente la provincia de Henan y las partes norteñas de las provincias modernas de Shandong, de Shanxi, y de Shaanxi. Este período es notable para sus avances en las tecnologías de bronce y otras, que condujeron a un de alto nivel de la civilización. El Shang tenía ejércitos grandes con una variedad amplia de armas y de armadura. El bronce también fue utilizado para los objetos rituales tales como campanas. La decoración en los bronces de Shang era altamente esquemática como las máscaras animales del "taotie” un adorno preferido. La religión de Shang y la adoración de antepasado ofrecieron el uso de los huesos supuestos del oráculo. El sistema de la escritura de Shang era absolutamente sofisticado; algunos caracteres de Shang siguen funcionando hoy. La cerámica de Shang vino en una variedad de colores, a menudo ofreciendo patrones. Los esmaltes chinos fueron hechos en el período de Shang. Los establecimientos urbanos de Shang han demostrado que existieron las formas básicas de arquitectura china ya; los establecimientos significativos incluyen ésos en Erlitou, Zhengzhou, y Yin (en Anyang moderno). Los últimos de Shang eran constructores de palacios lujosos.</skos:note>

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