Sunga

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1. <skos:Concept rdf:about="http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300018880">

   1. <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">Sunga</skos:prefLabel>

   2. <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="nl">Sunga</skos:prefLabel>

   3. <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="es">Sunga</skos:prefLabel>

   4. <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="zh">巽伽王朝</skos:prefLabel>

   5. <skos:altLabel xml:lang="zh">xùn qié wáng cháo</skos:altLabel>

   6. <skos:altLabel xml:lang="zh">xun qie wang chao</skos:altLabel>

   7. <skos:altLabel xml:lang="zh">hsün ch'ieh wang ch'ao</skos:altLabel>

   8. <skos:altLabel xml:lang="en">Shunga (Indian style)</skos:altLabel>

   9. <skos:broader rdf:resource="http://museovirtualfelixcanada.digibis.com//concepts/73053" />

   10. <skos:note xml:lang="en">Refers to the culture created during the Sunga dynasty of the 2nd and 1st centuries BCE in India. The Sungas overthrew the Maurya empire in 185 BCE. The Sunga empire was not as extensive as that of the Mauryas, so while works of art created during this time may be said to belong to the Sunga period, this term does not always imply patronage or Sunga control over a certain area. With the Sunga period began an unbroken continuum of Indian art and architecture. The earliest surviving stupa railing, along with part of a gateway, was found in Bharhut in eastern Madhya Pradesh and dates from this period. As was the case with other early stupa railings, figures and reliefs were donated by individuals whose names were inscribed. Labels often identify the scenes depicted since Buddhist iconography was still in its infancy. Overall, emphasis in Sunga art was placed on the communication of a religious message at the expense of naturalism; this becomes a dominant feature of later Indian art as well. Carved yakshi and yaksha figures and other pre-Buddhist dieties that were incorporated into the fold of Buddhism are commonly found. An important difference between these figures and earlier ones is that many have a more relaxed left leg. The figures are still stiff and heavy like Maurya figures, but the thick garments and high polish are gone. Other important sites include the rock-cut caves in the western Ghats, particularly those of Bhaja and Pitalkhora. These Buddhist cave settlements consisted of a caitya hall and living quarters for the monks (viharas). The facades were usually decorated with horseshoe-shaped arches while the interior sculptural decoration was generally simple; painting and wooden additions were probably once part of the iconographic and decorative schemes.</skos:note>

   11. <skos:note xml:lang="es">Se refiere a la cultura creada durante la dinastía de Sunga durante los siglos II y I a.C. en la India. El Sunga derrocó el imperio de Maurya en 185 a.C. El imperio de Sunga no era tan extenso como el del Mauryas, así que las obras de arte creadas durante este tiempo se pueden decir pertenecerían al período de Sunga, este término no implica siempre patrocinio o el control de Sunga sobre cierta área. Con Sunga comenzó una serie continua de arte y de arquitectura indios. Los ritos identifican a menudo las escenas representadas desde que la iconografía budista todavía estaba en su infancia. El énfasis en el arte de Sunga fue puesto en el mensaje religioso a expensas de naturalismo; ésta se convierte en una característica dominante de un arte indio último. Las figuras talladas del yakshi y del yaksha y otras deidades pre-Budistas que fueron incorporados en el Budismo se encuentran comúnmente en el arte. Una diferencia importante entre estas figuras y las anteriores, es que tienen una pierna relajada, la izquierda. Las figuras en tanto siguen siendo tiesas y pesadas como las figuras de Maurya, pero se observa si un alto pulimento. Estos establecimientos budistas, consistieron en un pasillo de y cuartos para los monjes (viharas). Las fachadas fueron adornadas generalmente con los arcos en forma de herradura mientras que la decoración interior era generalmente simple; el pintar y las adiciones de madera eran probablemente una parte de los esquemas iconográficos y decorativos.</skos:note>

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