Bangkok

Refers to the period named for the capital city of Thailand founded by Rama I (1782-1809 CE) in 1782. In architecture, the period is best represented by the various constructions and subsequent renovations in the Grand Palace (Phra Borom Maha Ratchawang) which includes the Amarin Winichai Hall, featuring a T-shaped plan, and the Dusit Maha Prasat Throne Hall (1789), featuring a Latin Cross plan, lacquered and gilded doors and windows, and gilded nine-tiered spires. Temples in this period feature main sanctuaries that house the Palladium of the kingdom and other revered Buddha images, altars depicting the Traiphum or realms of existence, friezes of gilded garuas, ubosots or elongated ordination halls, mother-of-pearl inlaid works, bronze lions, wihans or assembly halls, and multi-tiered roofs. Later in the 19th century, architectural styles reflected European colonial aesthetics. In sculpture and painting, works of this period display scenes from the Ramakien and from Hindu texts.